Which piece of federal legislation protects individuals from discrimination based on sex in educational programs that receive federal funding?

Title IX is the significant piece of federal legislation that protects individuals from discrimination based on sex in educational programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Enacted in 1972 as part of the Education Amendments, Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination, ensuring equal opportunities for all genders in educational settings. This includes protections against sexual harassment and provides various avenues for addressing such issues within schools and universities.

By mandating equity in educational opportunities, Title IX has had a profound impact on gender equality in athletics, ensuring that female athletes receive equal access to resources, scholarships, and facilities as their male counterparts. This law supports the fundamental principle that all students, regardless of sex, should be able to benefit from educational opportunities without facing discrimination.

The other pieces of legislation mentioned play different roles: the ADA, or Americans with Disabilities Act, focuses on preventing discrimination against individuals with disabilities; Title I is concerned with improving educational opportunities for low-income students; and Title IV primarily addresses civil rights related to race, color, religion, or national origin in educational programs. Each of these laws serves a specific purpose, but Title IX is unique in its focus on addressing gender discrimination in education.